عدم هم‌راستایی — راهنما

Shaft misalignment: angular (angle between shaft centerlines) or parallel (offset). Angular: Elevated 1X + high axial vibration. Parallel: Elevated 2X (often ≥50% of 1X) + radial dominant. Both: 1X + 2X + possible 3X. Phase 180° across coupling. Causes: Improper installation, soft foot, thermal growth, worn coupling. ⚠ Always verify with phase analysis and multiple directions. Misalignment is easily confused with unbalance.